Although Batman had 2 movie serials in the 1940's, none of the villains from the comics were used. Because of that, the 60's live-action Batman show was the first adaptation of Batman, to use the villains from the comics.
Here's a list of the comic-book villains that appeared in the TV show:
The Joker
The Penguin
Catwoman
The Riddler
Mr. Freeze
The Mad Hatter
The Clock King
False Face (False Face was a one-shot villain in the comics, at the time, but he got to appear in a 2-part story in the show's 1st season.)
Eivol Ekdol (This character only appeared once in the comics, but he still got to appear...
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